Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up – Infant
Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up – Infant (ABC-I) is designed to help caregivers of children ages 6–24 months who have experienced early adversity. ABC-I aims to promote responsive caregiving to help infants develop secure, organized attachments and self-regulation capabilities. ABC-I is provided by skilled clinicians, called parent coaches. Coaching sessions include in-the-moment and video feedback to foster the caregiver’s abilities to follow the infant’s lead, respond to infant’s distress in nurturing ways, and recognize and reduce frightening behaviors.
ABC-I is rated as a well-supported practice because at least two studies with non-overlapping samples carried out in usual care or practice settings achieved a rating of moderate or high on design and execution and demonstrated favorable effects in a target outcome domain. At least one of the studies demonstrated a sustained favorable effect of at least 12 months beyond the end of treatment on at least one target outcome.
Date Last Reviewed (Handbook Version 2.0): Mar 2025
Date Program or Service Description Last Updated: Mar 2025
Date Originally Reviewed (Handbook Version 1.0): Dec 2020
Sources
The following sources informed the program or service description, target population, and program or service delivery and implementation information: the program or service manual, the program or service developer’s website, the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare, the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness review, and the studies reviewed.
This information does not necessarily represent the views of the program or service developers. For more information on how this program or service was reviewed, download the Handbook of Standards and Procedures, Version 2.0
Target Population
ABC-I is designed for caregivers of infants ages 6–24 months who have experienced early adversity.
Dosage
Parent coaches deliver ABC-I services over the course of 10 weekly sessions, with each session lasting 1 hour.
Location/Delivery Setting
Recommended Locations/Delivery Settings
Parent coaches deliver ABC-I in the home.
Location/Delivery Settings Observed in the Research
- Home
Education, Certifications and Training
To become an ABC-I parent coach, skilled clinicians are screened by ABC Parenting Institute through a half-hour virtual interview. Parent coaches are expected to have strong interpersonal skills. No specific degrees or certifications are required. Initial training for parent coaches involves a 2-day, in-person or virtual meeting. The event is held at ABC Parenting Institute or onsite at other locations for larger groups. Training includes theoretical and practical orientation to the intervention, practice of core ABC program skills, review of session content, consultation around any issues specific to the parent coaches’ site or organization, and supervision planning. Parent coaches undergo at least 6 months of twice-weekly supervision via videoconferencing before becoming certified parent coaches.
Program or Service Documentation
Book/Manual/Available documentation used for review
Dozier, M., & the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up Team. (2024). Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up for infants (ABC-I): ABC-I manual. University of Delaware, Newark.
Available languages
The ABC-I manual is available in English. Other ABC-I materials are available in English, German, Mandarin, Norwegian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.
Other supporting materials
Coaching Parents of Vulnerable Infants: The Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up Approach
For More Information
Website: https://www.abcparenting.org/
Phone: (302) 405-5022
Contact form: https://www.abcparenting.org/contact-page/
Note: The details on Dosage; Location; Education, Certifications, and Training; Other Supporting Materials; and For More Information sections above are provided to website users for informational purposes only. This information is not exhaustive and may be subject to change.
| Results of Search and Review | Number of Studies Identified and Reviewed for Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up – Infant |
|---|---|
| Identified in Search | 17 |
| Eligible for Review | 5 |
| Rated High | 2 |
| Rated Moderate | 1 |
| Rated Low | 2 |
| Reviewed Only for Risk of Harm | 0 |
| Outcome | Effect Size
|
95% Confidence Interval
|
Implied Percentile Effect
|
N of Studies (Findings) | N of Participants | Summary of Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child well-being: Behavioral and emotional functioning | 0.27 | [0.03, 0.52] | 10 | 2 (4) | 257 |
Favorable:
2 No Effect: 2 Unfavorable: 0 |
| Adult well-being: Positive parenting practices | 0.45 | [0.16, 0.74] | 17 | 2 (2) | 193 |
Favorable:
1 No Effect: 1 Unfavorable: 0 |
| Adult well-being: Parent/caregiver mental or emotional health | -0.02 | [-0.37, 0.33] | 0 | 1 (1) | 127 |
Favorable:
0 No Effect: 1 Unfavorable: 0 |
| Adult well-being: Family functioning | Not Calculated | - | 1 (4) | 200 |
Favorable:
3 No Effect: 1 Unfavorable: 0 |
Note: For the effect sizes and implied percentile effects reported in the table, a positive number favors the intervention condition and a negative number favors the comparison condition. A range of comparison conditions, including no intervention, minimal intervention, placebo or attention, treatment as usual, and head-to-head comparison conditions are eligible for review (see Section 4.1.7 of the Handbook Version 2.0). Different types of comparison conditions may affect the magnitude of the effect sizes across studies. For example, an intervention compared to a no treatment comparison condition may produce a larger effect size than the same intervention compared to another intervention because the other intervention may itself be effective. The effect sizes shown may be derived from samples that overlap across studies. See the Individual Study Findings table for information about the specific comparison conditions used in each study and the Studies Reviewed section for information about any overlapping samples. The effect sizes presented here are provided for informational purposes only and are not used in determining a program or service rating.
| Outcome | Effect Size
|
Implied Percentile Effect
|
Months after treatment when outcome measured
|
Number of Participants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child well-being: Behavioral and emotional functioning | |||||
| Study 10602 - Attachment and Behavioral Catch-up (ABC) vs. Developmental Education for Families (DEF) (Dozier, 2009) | |||||
| Parent Attachment Diary: Avoidant | 0.67 * | 24 | 1 | 46 | |
| Parent Attachment Diary: Secure | 0.27 | 10 | 1 | 46 | |
| Study 10604 - Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up - Infant vs. Developmental Education for Families (Pooled RCTs) (Labella, 2020) | |||||
| Tool Task: Anger Dysregulation | 0.30 * | 11 | 13 | 211 | |
| Tool Task: Adaptive Dysregulation | 0.16 | 6 | 13 | 211 | |
| Adult well-being: Positive parenting practices | |||||
| Study 10602 - Attachment and Behavioral Catch-up (ABC) vs. Developmental Education for Families (DEF) (Bick, 2013) | |||||
| Maternal Sensitivity | 1.19 * | 38 | 11 | 41 | |
| Study 10611 - ABC vs. Waitlist Control (RCT) (Perrone, 2021) | |||||
| Parental Sensitivity | 0.28 | 10 | 4 | 152 | |
| Adult well-being: Parent/caregiver mental or emotional health | |||||
| Study 10611 - ABC vs. Waitlist Control (QED) (Perrone, 2021) | |||||
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale | -0.02 | 0 | 4 | 127 | |
| Adult well-being: Family functioning | |||||
| Study 10611 - ABC vs. Waitlist Control (RCT) (Thorpe, 2022) | |||||
| Infant Crying Questionnaire: Parent-Oriented Belief Factor | 0.42 * | 16 | 4 | 200 | |
| Infant Crying Questionnaire: Directive Control | 0.05 | 2 | 4 | 200 | |
| Infant Crying Questionnaire: Minimization | 0.34 * | 13 | 4 | 200 | |
| Infant Crying Questionnaire: Spoiling | 0.22 * | 8 | 4 | 200 | |
*p <.05
Note: For the effect sizes and implied percentile effects reported in the table, a positive number favors the intervention condition and a negative number favors the comparison condition. Effect sizes and implied percentile effects were calculated by the Prevention Services Clearinghouse as described in the Handbook of Standards and Procedures, Version 2.0, Sections 6.4 and 6.5 and may not align with effect sizes reported in individual publications. The Prevention Services Clearinghouse uses information reported in study documents and, when necessary, information provided by study authors in response to author queries to assign study ratings and calculate effect sizes (see Section 8.4.2 in the Handbook of Standards and Procedures, Version 2.0). The Prevention Services Clearinghouse typically relies on study-reported p-values to form the basis of the assessment of statistical significance for a finding, but will perform its own statistical test of a finding using any available information in study documents or author queries, as needed (see Section 6.3 in the Handbook of Standards and Procedures, Version 2.0). As a result, the effect sizes and statistical significance reported in the table may not align with the estimates as they are reported in study documents.
Only publications with eligible contrasts that met design and execution standards are included in the individual study findings table.
Full citations for the studies shown in the table are available in the "Studies Reviewed" section.
The participant characteristics display is an initial version. We encourage those interested in providing feedback to send suggestions to preventionservices@abtglobal.com.
The table below displays locations, the year, and participant demographics for studies that received moderate or high ratings on design and execution and that reported the information. Participant characteristics for studies with more than one intervention versus comparison group pair that received moderate or high ratings are shown separately in the table. Please note, the information presented here uses terminology directly from the study documents, when available. Studies that received moderate or high ratings on design and execution that did not include relevant participant demographic information would not be represented in this table.
For more information on how Clearinghouse reviewers record the information in the table, please see our Resource Guide on Study Participant Characteristics and Settings.
| Characteristics of the Participants in the Studies with Moderate or High Ratings | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Study Location
|
Study Year
|
Age or Grade-level
|
Race, Ethnicity, Nationality
|
Gender
|
Populations of Interest*
|
Household Socioeconomic Status
|
| Study 10602 - Attachment and Behavioral Catch-up (ABC) vs. Developmental Education for Families (DEF) | ||||||
| Characteristics of the Children and Youth | ||||||
| Midatlantic region, USA | -- | Average age: 10 months |
59% African American 28% White non-Hispanic 6% Hispanic 6% Biracial 1% Asian American |
48% Female | 100% Foster children | -- |
| Characteristics of the Adults, Parents, or Caregivers | ||||||
| Midatlantic region, USA | -- | Average age: 45 years; Age range: 24-27 years |
46% White non-Hispanic 43% African American 7% Hispanic 4% Biracial |
100% Female | 100% Foster parents | $50,000 Median household income |
| Study 10604 - Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up - Infant vs. Developmental Education for Families (Pooled RCTs) | ||||||
| Characteristics of the Children and Youth | ||||||
| Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey; USA | -- | -- |
64% African-American 15% White/Non-Hispanic 13% Multiracial 9% Hispanic |
47% Female | 100% Involved with Child Protective Services; 43% in foster care placement | -- |
| Characteristics of the Adults, Parents, or Caregivers | ||||||
| Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey; USA | -- | -- |
58% African-American 26% White/Non-Hispanic 10% Hispanic 4.7% Multiracial |
95% Female |
100% Parents; 53% Single Parents |
37% <$10,000/Welfare 10% $10,000-$19,999 15% $20,000-$29,999 8% $30,000-$39,999 4.7% $40,000-$59,999 6% $60,000-$99,999 4.7% More than $100,000 |
| Study 10611 - ABC vs. Waitlist Control (RCT) | ||||||
| Characteristics of the Children and Youth | ||||||
| New York, USA | 2016 | Average age: 12 months; Age range: 6-21 months |
62% African American 16% Biracial/Multi-Ethnic 14% Hispanic or Latin 4% Caribbean 3% Other 1% Did not report race/ethnicity 1% Caucasian 1% American Indian or Alaska Native |
49% Male | -- | -- |
| Characteristics of the Adults, Parents, or Caregivers | ||||||
| New York, USA | 2016 | Average age: 30 years; Age range: 17-65 years |
65% African American 15% Hispanic or Latin 9% Biracial/Multi-Ethnic 5% Caribbean 3% Other 2% Did not report race/ethnicity 2% Caucasian 1% American Indian or Alaska Native |
4% Male |
100% Parents; 92% were the child's birth parent; 63% Single parents; 40% Parental involvement with the child welfare system; 36% Living in a shelter |
83% Below the poverty threshold |
| Study 10611 - ABC vs. Waitlist Control (QED) | ||||||
| Characteristics of the Children and Youth | ||||||
| New York, USA | 2016 | Average age: 12 months; Age range: 6-21 months |
62% African American 16% Biracial/Multi-Ethnic 14% Hispanic or Latin 4% Caribbean 3% Other 1% Did not report race/ethnicity 1% Caucasian 1% American Indian or Alaska Native |
49% Male | -- | -- |
| Characteristics of the Adults, Parents, or Caregivers | ||||||
| New York, USA | 2016 | Average age: 30 years; Age range: 17-65 years |
65% African American 15% Hispanic or Latin 9% Biracial/Multi-Ethnic 5% Caribbean 3% Other 2% Did not report race/ethnicity 2% Caucasian 1% American Indian or Alaska Native |
4% Male |
100% Parents; 92% were the child's birth parent; 63% Single parents; 40% Parental involvement with the child welfare system; 36% Living in a shelter |
83% Below the poverty threshold |
“--” indicates information not reported in the study.
* The information about disabilities is based on initial coding. For more information on how the Clearinghouse recorded disability information for the initial release, please see our Resource Guide on Study Participant Characteristics and Settings. The Clearinghouse is currently seeking consultation from experts, including those with lived experience, and input from the public to enhance and improve the display.
Note: Citations for the documents associated with each 5-digit study number shown in the table can be found in the “Studies Reviewed” section below. Study settings and participant demographics are recorded for all studies that received moderate or high ratings on design and execution and that reported the information. Studies that did not report any information about setting or participant demographics are not displayed. For more information on how participant characteristics are recorded, please see our Resource Guide on Study Participant Characteristics and Settings.
Studies Rated High
Study 10611Perrone, L., Imrisek, S. D., Dash, A., Rodriguez, M., Monticciolo, E., & Bernard, K. (2021). Changing parental depression and sensitivity: Randomized clinical trial of ABC's effectiveness in the community. Development and Psychopathology, 33(3), 1026-1040. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000310
Thorpe, D., Silver, J., Perrone, L., DeSantis, N., Dash, A., Rodriguez, M., Beras-Monticciolo, E., & Bernard, K. (2022). Ecological predictors of parental beliefs about infant crying in a randomized clinical trial of ABC. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 51(5), 780-795. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2021.1916939
This study was conducted in a usual care or practice setting (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 7.2.2)Study 10604
Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., Lewis‐Morrarty, E., Lindhiem, O., & Carlson, E. (2012). Enhancing attachment organization among maltreated children: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Child Development, 83(2), 623-636. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.2011.01712.x
Zajac, L., Raby, L., & Dozier, M. (2020a). Sustained effects on attachement security in middle childhood: Results from a randomized clinical trial of the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(4), 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13146
Lind, T., Bernard, K., Ross, E., & Dozier, M. (2014). Intervention effects on negative affect of CPS-referred children: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(9), 1459-1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.004
Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., & Gordon, M. K. (2015). Intervening to enhance cortisol regulation among children at risk for neglect: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Development and Psychopathology, 27(3), 829-841. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941400073X
Bernard, K., Hostinar, C. E., & Dozier, M. (2015). Intervention effects on diurnal cortisol rhythms of child protective services-referred infants in early childhood: Pre-school follow-up results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(2), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2369
Bernard, K., Simons, R., & Dozier, M. (2015). Effects of an attachment‐based intervention on child protective services–referred mothers' event‐related potentials to children's emotions. Child Development, 86(6), 1673-1684. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12418
Tabachnick, A. R., Raby, K. L., Goldstein, A., Zajac, L., & Dozier, M. (2019). Effects of an attachment-based intervention in infancy on children’s autonomic regulation during middle childhood. Biological Psychology, 143, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.006
Bernard, K., Frost, A., Jelinek, C., & Dozier, M. (2019). Secure attachment predicts lower body mass index in young children with histories of child protective services involvement. Pediatric Obesity, 14(7), Article e12510. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12510
Bick, J., Palmwood, E. N., Zajac, L., Simons, R., & Dozier, M. (2019). Early parenting intervention and adverse family environments affect neural function in middle childhood. Biological Psychiatry, 85(4), 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.020
Lind, T., Bernard, K., Yarger, H. A., & Dozier, M. (2020). Promoting compliance in children referred to child protective services: A randomized clinical trial. Child Development, 91(2), 563-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13207
Yarger, H. A., Bronfman, E., Carlson, E., & Dozier, M. (2020). Intervening with Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up to decrease disrupted parenting behavior and attachment disorganization: The role of parental withdrawal. Development & Psychopathology, 32(3), 1139-1148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000786
Bernard, K., Hostinar, C. E., & Dozier, M. (2019). Longitudinal associations between attachment quality in infancy, C-reactive protein in early childhood, and BMI in middle childhood: Preliminary evidence from a CPS-referred sample. Attachment & Human Development, 21(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1541513
Garnett, M., Bernard, K., Hoye, J., Zajac, L., & Dozier, M. (2020). Parental sensitivity mediates the sustained effect of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up on cortisol in middle childhood: A randomized clinical trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 121, Article 104809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104809
Korom, M., Goldstein, A., Tabachnick, A. R., Palmwood, E. N., Simons, R. F., & Dozier, M. (2021). Early parenting intervention accelerates inhibitory control development among CPS-involved children in middle childhood: A randomized clinical trial. Developmental Science, 24(3), Article e13054. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13054
Korom, M., Valadez, E. A., Tottenham, N., Dozier, M., & Spielberg, J. M. (2024). Preliminary examination of the effects of an early parenting intervention on amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex resting-state functional connectivity among high-risk children: A randomized clinical trial. Development and Psychopathology, 1-9. [Online Advance] https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423001669
Miller, K. N., Bourne, S. V., Dahl, C. M., Costello, C., Attinelly, J., Jennings, K., & Dozier, M. (2024). Using randomized controlled trials to ask questions regarding developmental psychopathology: A tribute to Dante Cicchetti. Development and Psychopathology. [Online Advance] https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579424000245
Raby, K. L., Waters, T. E. A., Tabachnick, A. R., Zajac, L., Dozier, M., Cicchetti, D., Luthar, S. S., & Burack, J. A. (2021). Increasing secure base script knowledge among parents with Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up. Development & Psychopathology, 33(2), 554-564. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420001765
Valadez, E. A., Tottenham, N., Tabachnick, A. R., & Dozier, M. (2020). Early parenting intervention effects on brain responses to maternal cues among high-risk children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(9), 818-826. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20010011
Valadez, E. A., Tottenham, N., Korom, M., Tabachnick, A. R., Pine, D. S., & Dozier, M. (2024). A randomized controlled trial of a parenting intervention during infancy alters amygdala-prefrontal circuitry in middle childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 63(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.015
Zajac, L., Prendergast, S., Feder, K. A., Cho, B., Kuhns, C., & Dozier, M. (2020b). Trajectories of sleep in child protective services (CPS)-referred children predict externalizing and internalizing symptoms in early childhood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 103, Article 104433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104433
Labella, M. H., Lind, T., Sellers, T., Roben, C. K. P., & Dozier, M. (2020). Emotion regulation among children in foster care versus birth parent care: Differential effects of an early home-visiting intervention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(8), 995-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00653-4 [Note: The Labella et al., 2020 document reported findings where the sample from Study 10604 was pooled with the sample from Study 10602 for a set of outcomes measured in both studies. Findings from this paper were reviewed under Study 10604 but are an overlapping sample with Study 10602.]
This study was conducted in a usual care or practice setting (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 7.2.2)Studies Rated Moderate
Study 10602Dozier, M., Peloso, E., Lindhiem, O., Gordon, M. K., Manni, M., Sepulveda, S., Ackerman, J., Bernier, A., & Levine, S. (2006). Developing evidence-based interventions for foster children: An example of a randomized clinical trial with infants and toddlers. Journal of Social Issues, 62(4), 767-785. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00486.x
Dozier, M., Manni, M., Gordon, M. K., Peloso, E., Gunnar, M. R., Stovall-McClough, K. C., Eldreth, D., & Levine, S. (2006). Foster children's diurnal production of cortisol: An exploratory study. Child Maltreatment, 11(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559505285779
Bick, J., & Dozier, M. (2013). The effectiveness of an attachment‐based intervention in promoting foster mothers’ sensitivity toward foster infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 34(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21373
Bernard, K., Lee, A. H., & Dozier, M. (2017). Effects of the ABC intervention on foster children’s receptive vocabulary: Follow-up results from a randomized clinical trial. Child Maltreatment, 22(2), 174-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559517691126
Lewis-Morrarty, E., Dozier, M., Bernard, K., Terracciano, S. M., & Moore, S. V. (2012). Cognitive flexibility and theory of mind outcomes among foster children: Preschool follow-up results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(2, Suppl), S17-S22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.005
Dozier, M., Peloso, E., Lewis, E., Laurenceau, J.-P., & Levine, S. (2008). Effects of an attachment-based intervention of the cortisol production of infants and toddlers in foster care. Development and Psychopathology, 20(3), 845-859. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579408000400
Dozier, M., Lindhiem, O., Lewis, E., Bick, J., Bernard, K., & Peloso, E. (2009). Effects of a foster parent training program on young children’s attachment behaviors: Preliminary evidence from a randomized clinical trial. Child Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26, 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10560-009-0165-1
Labella, M. H., Lind, T., Sellers, T., Roben, C. K. P., & Dozier, M. (2020). Emotion regulation among children in foster care versus birth parent care: Differential effects of an early home-visiting intervention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(8), 995-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00653-4 [Note: The Labella et al., 2020 document reported findings where the sample from Study 10604 was pooled with the sample from Study 10602 for a set of outcomes measured in both studies. Findings from this paper were reviewed under Study 10604 but are an overlapping sample with Study 10602.]
This study was conducted in a usual care or practice setting (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 7.2.2)In addition to full sample analyses, this study also reported analyses that included the following subgroups:
- Child age: 0-17 months
- Child age: 18-36 months
Studies Rated Low
Study 10606Berlin, L. J., Shanahan, M., & Carmody, K. A. (2014). Promoting supportive parenting in new mothers with substance‐use problems: A pilot randomized trial of residential treatment plus an attachment‐based parenting program. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(1), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21427
This study received a low rating because baseline equivalence of the intervention and comparison groups was necessary and not demonstrated.Study 10612
Yarger, H. A., Hoye, J. R., & Dozier, M. (2016). Trajectories of change in attachment and biobehavioral catch‐up among high‐risk mothers: A randomized clinical trial. Infant Mental Health Journal, 37(5), 525-536. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21585
Hoye, J. R., Cheishvili, D., Yarger, H. A., Roth, T. L., Szyf, M., Dozier, M., & Elison, J. T. (2020). Preliminary indications that the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up Intervention alters DNA methylation in maltreated children. Development & Psychopathology, 32(4), 1486-1494. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001421
This study received a low rating because it did not meet the statistical model standards.Studies Not Eligible for Review
Study 10607
Berlin, L. J., Martoccio, T. L., & Jones Harden, B. (2018). Improving early head start’s impacts on parenting through attachment-based intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 54(12), 2316-2327. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000592
Berlin, L. J., Martoccio, T. L., Bryce, C. I., & Jones Harden, B. (2019). Improving infants’ stress-induced cortisol regulation through attachment-based intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.005
Hepworth, A. D., Berlin, L. J., Martoccio, T. L., Cannon, E. N., Berger, R. H., & Harden, B. J. (2020). Supporting infant emotion regulation through attachment-based intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 21(5), 702-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01127-1
Harden, B. J., Martoccio, T. L., & Berlin, L. J. (2021). Maternal psychological risk moderates the impacts of attachment-based intervention on mother-toddler mutuality and toddler behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01281-0
Hepworth, A. D., Berlin, L. J., Salas, K., Pardue-Kim, M., Martoccio, T. L., & Jones Harden, B. (2021). Increasing maternal sensitivity to infant distress through attachment-based intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Attachment & Human Development, 23(6), 953-968. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1834592
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 10608
Sprang, G. (2009). The efficacy of a relational treatment for maltreated children and their families. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 14(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00499.x
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 10609
Caron, E. B., Weston-Lee, P., Haggerty, D., & Dozier, M. (2016). Community implementation outcomes of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up. Child Abuse & Neglect, 53, 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.010
This study is ineligible for review because it does not use an eligible study design (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.5)Study 10613
Yarger, H. A., Bernard, K., Caron, E. B., Wallin, A., & Dozier, M. (2020). Enhancing parenting quality for young children adopted internationally: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 49(3), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1547972
Lind, T., Lee Raby, K., Goldstein, A., Bernard, K., Caron, E. B., Yarger, H. A., Wallin, A., & Dozier, M. (2021). Improving social-emotional competence in internationally adopted children with the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up intervention. Development & Psychopathology, 33(3), 957-969. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000255
Yarger, H. A., Lind, T., Raby, K. L., Zajac, L., Wallin, A., & Dozier, M. (2022). Intervening with Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up to reduce behavior problems among children adopted internationally: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Child Maltreatment, 27(3), 478-489. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211010975
Bick, J., Lipschutz, R., Tabachnick, A., Biekman, B., Katz, D., Simons, R., & Dozier, M. (2022). Timing of adoption is associated with electrophysiological brain activity and externalizing problems among children adopted internationally. Developmental Psychobiology, 64(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22249
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 15253
Appleyard Carmody, K., Murray, K. J., Williams, B., Frost, A., Coleman, C., & Sullivan, K. (2023). Enhancing early parenting in the community: Preliminary results from a learning collaborative approach to scale up Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up. Infant Mental Health Journal, 44(6), 752-766. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.22081
This study is ineligible for review because it does not use an eligible study design (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.5)Study 15255
Labella, M. H., Raby, K. L., Bourne, S. V., Trahan, A. C., Katz, D., & Dozier, M. (2024). Is Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up effective for parents with insecure attachment states of mind? Child Development, 95(2), 648-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14002
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 15256
Liming, K. W., Grube, W., Lloyd Sieger, M. H., Brook, J., Berryhill, E., Akin, B. A., & Mendenhall, A. (2024). Child welfare outcomes after Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up intervention participation: A quasi-experimental study. Child Maltreatment. [Online Advance] https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595241265968
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 15257
Mohamed, A. R., Sterkenburg, P., Yeatman, J. G., van Rensburg, E., & Schuengel, C. (2023). Using Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up with young children with developmental delays: A multiple-baseline trial of attachment, sensitivity, and cortisol. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 27(4), 847-870. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295221104614
This study is ineligible for review because it does not use an eligible study design (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.5)Study 15258
Raby, K. L., Bernard, K., Gordon, M. K., Dozier, M., Gunnar, M. R., Tottenham, N., & Cicchetti, D. (2020). Enhancing diurnal cortisol regulation among young children adopted internationally: A randomized controlled trial of a parenting-based intervention. Development & Psychopathology, 32(5), 1657-1668. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420001303
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 15259
Schein, S. S., Roben, C. K. P., Costello, A. H., & Dozier, M. (2023). Assessing changes in parent sensitivity in telehealth and hybrid implementation of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Maltreatment, 28(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211072516
This study is ineligible for review because it does not use an eligible study design (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.5)Study 15260
Tabachnick, A. R., Eiden, R. D., Labella, M. H., & Dozier, M. (2022). Effects of an attachment-based intervention on autonomic regulation among opioid-exposed infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 64(6), Article e22286. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22286
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)Study 15331
Bard, E., Becker, J., Malgioglio, K., & Sieger, M. L. (2024). Attachment & biobehavioral catchup participation and reunification in a family treatment court. Child Abuse and Neglect, 158, Article 107145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107145
This study is ineligible for review because it is not a study of the program or service under review (Handbook Version 2.0, Section 4.1.9)