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The Men’s Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (M-TREM) is an adaptation of the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM) designed for men who have survived trauma and may have substance use or mental health conditions. The program aims to help men make connections between abuse histories and current functioning and develop skills for recovery. M-TREM is a group intervention that uses strategies such as education about mental health issues, cognitive restructuring, skills training, and peer support.
Mindful Mood Balance (MMB), an online adaptation of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), aims to treat adults with depression symptoms and prevent depressive relapse through mindfulness practices. MMB is designed to teach individuals how to become aware of and manage their thoughts, feelings, and body sensations. Individuals are educated on the basics of mindfulness and guided mindfulness practices such as body scan (i.e., directing attention to each part of the body), meditation, breathing exercises, and mindful movement (e.g., intentional stretching, walking, or yoga). Individuals learn how to use mindfulness to manage mood shifts and prevent depressive relapse. Each session incorporates experiential practice, video-based learning, and interactive activities. Coaches can provide motivational and technical support, including an initial orientation to MMB.
Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) aims to treat adults with depression symptoms and prevent depressive relapse through mindfulness practices. MBCT is designed to teach individuals how to become aware of and manage their thoughts, feelings, and body sensations. Instructors educate individuals on the basics of mindfulness and guided mindfulness practices such as body scan (i.e., directing attention to each part of the body), meditation, breathing exercises, and mindful movement (e.g., intentional stretching, walking, or yoga). Individuals also learn how to use mindfulness to manage mood shifts and prevent negative thinking and they develop an action plan to address their unique signs of depression. Individuals complete home-based mindfulness practices to reinforce mindfulness in daily life and have the option to participate in a full-day mindfulness retreat.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Anxious Children (MBCT-C) aims to help children ages 9–12 manage anxiety and enhance social-emotional resiliency through mindfulness practices. MBCT-C is designed to teach children how to become aware of, and relate in a different, healthier way, to thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. Therapists instruct children in the basics of mindfulness and age-appropriate mindfulness practices such as body scan (i.e., directing attention to each part of the body), breathing exercises, sensory activities (e.g., focusing on the five senses), mindful movement (e.g., intentional stretching, walking, or yoga), and meditation. Children learn how to use mindfulness to better manage emotions and make more skillful behavioral choices. Children complete home-based mindfulness practices to integrate mindfulness into daily life.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Parents (MBCT-P) aims to help parents with depression symptoms and prevent depressive relapse through mindfulness practices. MBCT-P is designed to teach parents how to become aware of and manage their thoughts, feelings, and body sensations. Instructors educate parents on the basics of mindfulness and guided mindfulness practices such as body scan (i.e., directing attention to each part of the body), meditation, breathing exercises, and mindful movement (e.g., intentional stretching, walking, or yoga). Parents learn how to use mindfulness to manage mood shifts, prevent negative thinking, and develop an action plan to address their unique signs of depression. Instructors teach mindful parenting techniques to help parents manage routine and difficult situations with their child. Parents complete home-based mindfulness practices to reinforce mindfulness and mindful parenting techniques in daily life. Instructors tailor psychoeducation, cognitive exercises, and mindfulness practices to apply to the parenting context.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a method of counseling clients designed to promote behavior change and improve physiological, psychological, and lifestyle outcomes. MI aims to identify ambivalence for change and increase motivation by helping clients progress through five stages of change: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. It aims to do this by encouraging clients to consider their personal goals and how their current behaviors may compete with attainment of those goals. MI uses clinical strategies to help clients identify reasons to change their behavior and reinforce that behavior change is possible. These clinical strategies include the use of open-ended questions and reflective listening. MI can be used to promote behavior change with a range of target populations and for a variety of problem areas. The Prevention Services Clearinghouse reviewed studies of MI focused on illicit substance and alcohol use or abuse among youth and adults, and nicotine or tobacco use among youth under the age of 18. MI is typically delivered over one to three sessions with each session lasting about 30 to 50 minutes.
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is an intensive treatment for troubled youth delivered in multiple settings. This program aims to promote pro-social behavior and reduce criminal activity, mental health symptomology, out-of-home placements, and illicit substance use in 12- to 17-year-old youth. The MST program addresses the core causes of delinquent and antisocial conduct by identifying key drivers of the behaviors through an ecological assessment of the youth, his or her family, and school and community. The intervention strategies are personalized to address the identified drivers. The program is delivered for an average of three to five months, and services are available 24/7, which enables timely crisis management and allows families to choose which times will work best for them. Master’s level therapists from licensed MST providers take on only a small caseload at any given time so that they can be available to meet their clients’ needs.
Multisystemic Therapy – Building Stronger Families (MST-BSF) is an adaptation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) designed for families with youth ages 6–17 who come under the guidance of child protective services due to co-occurring parental substance use and physical abuse or neglect of a child. MST-BSF combines three program models: (1) MST, (2) MST for Child Abuse and Neglect, and (3) Reinforcement-Based Treatment for substance use disorders. MST-BSF uses the same service delivery characteristics and guiding principles as the core MST model. However, all family members who need treatment receive it, with a strong emphasis on adult interventions and child safety, including interventions for children who are not the subject of the maltreatment report. MST-BSF follows the MST for Child Abuse and Neglect model closely but adds Reinforcement-Based Treatment for all cases.
Multisystemic Therapy – Prevention (MST-PRV) is an adaptation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) designed for families with youth ages 10–17 who are at risk of abuse or neglect. MST-PRV enhancements are intended to specifically address the needs of children and families referred from the child welfare system. Families referred to MST-PRV may be experiencing youth behavioral challenges such as substance use and caregiver challenges parenting the youth. MST-PRV aims to (1) decrease the risk that youth will become more deeply involved in the child welfare or juvenile justice systems and (2) prevent abuse or neglect. MST-PRV adds two key team members to the standard MST model: (1) a Family Resource Caseworker, who collaborates with the therapist to help families navigate the public assistance system and meet basic needs and (2) a full-time supervisor who provides support and oversight for the therapist and caseworker.
Multisystemic Therapy – Substance Abuse (MST-SA) is an adaptation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) designed for youth ages 12–17 with substance use issues and their caregivers. MST-SA integrates contingency management, a behavior change model that provides rewards for positive behavior, with the MST approach to provide substance use treatment. MST-SA aims to help youth manage situations that have previously led to substance use, build protective factors such as social skills and family involvement, and increase contact with peers who model positive behaviors. Therapists begin by introducing contingency management and outlining the components of the program. In the initial session, the therapist engages youth and caregivers in treatment and aims to address potential barriers to engagement. Therapists next use validated assessment instruments to determine whether the youth’s substance use indicates potential abuse or dependence. If problematic substance use is identified, therapists proceed to engage families in treatment.