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Trauma Systems Therapy for Foster Care (TST-FC) is a trauma-focused parenting curriculum designed for caregivers of children and teens in foster care, including foster parents, kin, and other caregivers. TST-FC is an adaptation of Trauma Systems Therapy (TST) that aims to help foster parents support children and teens who have experienced traumatic events, improve children’s and teen’s well-being, and help agencies retain skilled foster parents. Organizations implementing TST-FC identify existing staff to serve as group facilitators. Staff typically include investigators, child welfare caseworkers, and mental health providers.
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a program for children and adolescents who have symptoms associated with trauma exposure. TF-CBT is intended to treat children/adolescents who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, dysfunctional feelings or thoughts, or behavioral problems. The intervention also supports caregivers in overcoming their personal distress, implementing effective parenting skills, and fostering positive interactions with their child/adolescent. After ensuring safety of the child/adolescent, TF-CBT is structured into three phases that include: 1) skill building for the child/adolescent’s self-regulation and the caregiver’s behavior management and supportive care abilities, 2) addressing the traumatic experience, and 3) joint therapy sessions between caregiver and child/adolescent. TF-CBT is usually administered in clinical office settings over 12 to 16 weekly sessions for about one hour, though this can range. During these sessions the therapist may meet with the caregiver and child/adolescent separately or jointly.
Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Adolescents (TFCO-A), formerly known as Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care – Adolescents, is designed for youth ages 12–17 with severe emotional and behavioral problems. TFCO-A aims to support youth to live in a family setting during treatment, rather than in group or institutional settings, and to support parents and caregivers to provide effective parenting. TFCO-A focuses on five key areas: (1) increasing prosocial behaviors, decreasing negative behaviors, and supporting school engagement; (2) providing close supervision and limiting access to peers who lack effective social skills; (3) providing a consistent and reinforcing environment with a daily structure, clear expectations, and consequences; (4) developing youth’s skills for forming positive relationships; and (5) enhancing parenting skills and decreasing conflict in the family.
Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Middle Childhood (TFCO-C) is designed for children ages 7–11 with severe emotional and behavioral problems. TFCO-C aims to support children to live in a family setting during treatment, rather than in group or institutional settings, and to support parents and caregivers to provide effective parenting. TFCO-C adapts Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Adolescents (TFCO-A) for middle childhood. TFCO-C focuses on five key areas: (1) increasing prosocial behaviors, decreasing negative behaviors, and supporting school engagement; (2) providing close supervision and limiting access to peers who lack effective social skills; (3) providing a consistent and reinforcing environment with a daily structure, clear expectations, and consequences; (4) developing children’s skills for forming positive relationships; and (5) enhancing parenting skills and decrease conflict in the family.
Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Preschoolers (TFCO-P) is designed for children ages 3–6 with severe emotional and behavioral problems. TFCO-P aims to support children to live in a family setting during treatment, rather than in group or institutional settings, and to support parents and caregivers to provide effective parenting. TFCO-P adapts Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Adolescents (TFCO-A) for young children. TFCO-P focuses on five key areas: (1) increasing prosocial behaviors and decreasing negative behaviors; (2) providing close supervision and structure; (3) providing a consistent and reinforcing environment with clear expectations and limit-setting; (4) developing skills for forming positive relationships; and (5) enhancing parenting skills to create a therapeutic environment.
Triple P – Positive Parenting Program – Group (Level 4) (“Triple P-Group”) is a group-based parenting intervention. Triple P-Group is for parents who are interested in promoting their child's development or who are concerned about their child's behavior problems. Group sessions typically focus on topics such as positive parenting, helping children develop, managing misbehavior, and planning ahead. Practitioners then provide individual feedback on progress using positive parenting strategies and goal setting.
Triple P – Positive Parenting Program – Online (Level 4) (“Triple P-Online”) is a parenting intervention. Triple P-Online is designed to offer parents support for encouraging children’s positive behaviors; managing misbehaviors, tantrums, and disobedience; and teaching children new skills. Triple P-Online includes 8 modules intended to help parents understand the foundations of positive parenting, manage children’s behaviors, teach children new skills, deal with disobedience, plan ahead to prevent problems, raise confident children, and apply consequences and rewards. In addition to the online modules, parents can access individualized workbooks, worksheets, podcasts, and module summaries.
Triple P – Positive Parenting Program – Self-Directed (Level 4) (“Triple P Self-Directed”) is a self-help parenting intervention for families with children up to 12 years. Triple P Self-Directed is most suitable for families who live in rural or remote areas or who want help without direct contact with a practitioner. Parents use a workbook to complete readings and practice tasks. These activities are designed to teach parents how to manage children’s behavior, provide supervision, and educate their child.
Triple P – Positive Parenting Program – Standard (Level 4) (“Triple P-Standard”) is a parenting intervention for families with concerns about their child’s moderate to severe behavioral problem. As a part of Triple P-Standard, parents engage in one-on-one sessions with a practitioner. These sessions focus on promoting child development, managing misbehavior, and implementing planned activities and routines to encourage independent child play.
Trust-Based Relational Intervention® – Caregiver Training (TBRI-Caregiver Training) is an intervention for caregivers of children who have faced abuse, neglect, and/or other trauma. This program is designed to be highly interactive and is delivered in-person by certified practitioners. TBRI-Caregiver Training uses an attachment-based and trauma-informed approach. It aims to provide parents and caregivers with the tools needed to meet the needs of these children. The training emphasizes three core principles: (1) TBRI Connecting Principles, which focus on building trust and positive relationships between caregivers and children; (2) TBRI Empowering Principles, which focus on addressing children’s physical and environmental needs and building children’s self-regulation skills; and (3) TBRI Correcting Principles, which focus on building children’s social competencies.